{"id":4400,"date":"2023-02-28T16:27:03","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T16:27:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egytourpackages.com\/mumifikace-ve-starovekem-egypte-fakta-proces-nastroje\/"},"modified":"2025-06-22T21:10:09","modified_gmt":"2025-06-22T21:10:09","slug":"mumifikace-ve-starovekem-egypte-fakta-proces-nastroje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egytourpackages.com\/cs\/mumifikace-ve-starovekem-egypte-fakta-proces-nastroje\/","title":{"rendered":"Mumifikace ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b | Fakta, proces, n\u00e1stroje"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Mumifikace ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b | Fakta, proces, n\u00e1stroje<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Mumifikace<\/strong> v <strong>starov\u011bk\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 civilizaci<\/strong> byla nutnost\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo si ji mohl dovolit. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se budeme zab\u00fdvat v\u0161\u00edm, co v\u00edme o <strong>mumifikaci ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b<\/strong>. Kdy mumifikace za\u010dala? Pro\u010d? Jak\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pou\u017e\u00edvali b\u011bhem mumifikace? Proces mumifikace podle n\u00e1lez\u016f uvnit\u0159 svatyn\u011b <strong>Anubise<\/strong>, nalezen\u00e9 v hrobce <strong>Tutanchamona<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 mumifikovali sv\u00e1 t\u011bla?<\/h3>\n<p>S jistotou v\u00edme, \u017ee <strong>starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9<\/strong> v\u011b\u0159ili v <strong>posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot<\/strong> a zachov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bla neboli mumifikace t\u011bla m\u011blo pomoci \u010dlov\u011bku znovu o\u017e\u00edt. Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed 3 \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dlov\u011bka byly <strong>T\u011blo, Ba (Du\u0161e) a Ka (identick\u00e1 figura osoby)<\/strong>. Kdy\u017e se \u010dlov\u011bk narodil, jeho Ba a Ka se narodily s n\u00edm, a kdy\u017e zem\u0159e, jeho Ba p\u016fjde do nebe \u017e\u00edt s dobr\u00fdmi du\u0161emi a jeho Ka z\u016fstane v hrobce s t\u011blem.<\/p>\n<p>Mezit\u00edm, aby znovu o\u017eil, m\u011blo Ba rozpoznat t\u011blo a Ka se znovu spojit. Proto bylo velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 lidi mumifikovat.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy za\u010dala mumifikace ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b?<\/h3>\n<p>Kdy\u017e <strong>starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9<\/strong> za\u010dali v\u011b\u0159it v posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot ji\u017e v <strong>predynastick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed<\/strong>, jak jsme zjistili v <strong>Abydosu<\/strong> v hrobce <strong>Peribsena<\/strong> a <strong>Shunet El Zebib<\/strong>, poh\u0159b\u00edvali sv\u00e1 t\u011bla pod p\u00edsek. K na\u0161emu \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed slunce a p\u00edsek udr\u017eely n\u011bkter\u00e1 z t\u011bchto t\u011bl v perfektn\u00edm stavu, ale nejednalo se o proces mumifikace, jak se dozv\u00edme pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n<p>Praxe mumifikace t\u011bl sah\u00e1 do <strong>Star\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong>, nejprve pro \u010dleny kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 rodiny, pot\u00e9 se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila mezi ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo si mohl dovolit tento n\u00e1kladn\u00fd proces.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdy starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 za\u010dali s mumifikac\u00ed t\u011bla?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9<\/strong> za\u010dali s <strong>mumifikac\u00ed t\u011bla<\/strong> ihned po \u00famrt\u00ed osoby. Z <strong>Deir El Mediny<\/strong> na <strong>z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Luxoru<\/strong> v\u00edme, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce v hrobce ustaly, jakmile faraon zem\u0159el a za\u010dala mumifikace.<\/p>\n<h3>Na\u0161e zdroje o mumifikaci ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>M\u00e1me mnoho zdroj\u016f o mumifikaci, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Objevy mumifikovan\u00fdch t\u011bl, v\u010detn\u011b staroegyptsk\u00fdch faraon\u016f, vez\u00edr\u016f, oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Staroegyptsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 texty, v\u010detn\u011b Knihy mrtv\u00fdch, Rakvov\u00fdch text\u016f a Pyramidov\u00fdch text\u016f v Unasov\u011b pyramid\u011b.<\/li>\n<li>Hrobky v \u00dadol\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Papyrusov\u00e9 svitky ze starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta.<\/li>\n<li>Cestovatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edvili Egypt a psali o mumifikaci, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad H\u00e9rodotos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Kdy p\u0159estali s mumifikac\u00ed?<\/h3>\n<p>Je velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, kdy starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 p\u0159estali s <strong>mumifikac\u00ed<\/strong>, ale m\u016f\u017eeme odhadnout n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u016fvody, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Na konci starov\u011bk\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 historie byla ekonomick\u00e1 situace velmi \u0161patn\u00e1 a v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si ji\u017e nemohla dovolit n\u00e1klady.<\/li>\n<li>Od doby, kdy Alexandr Velik\u00fd obsadil Egypt a pozd\u011bji Ptolemaiovci a \u0158\u00edman\u00e9, p\u0159inesli s sebou sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed poh\u0159ebn\u00ed praktiky, jak m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt v Kom El Shoqafa v Alexandrii.<\/li>\n<li>V k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed egypt\u0161t\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 p\u0159estali mumifikovat sv\u00e1 t\u011bla, stejn\u011b jako muslimov\u00e9 poh\u0159b\u00edvali lidi pod zem bez mumifikace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>N\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali b\u011bhem procesu mumifikace<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f n\u00e1stroj\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch b\u011bhem mumifikace byly <strong>chirurgick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje<\/strong> v <strong>chr\u00e1mu Kom Ombo<\/strong> v <strong>Asu\u00e1nu<\/strong>. Krom\u011b toho, mnoho mumi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 archeologov\u00e9 nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u0161ude v <strong>Egypt\u011b<\/strong>. Tak\u00e9 hrobka <strong>Tutanchamona<\/strong> byla skv\u011bl\u00fdm zdrojem mumifika\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, plus sc\u00e9ny a n\u00e1pisy na st\u011bn\u00e1ch hrobek <strong>\u00dadol\u00ed kr\u00e1l\u016f<\/strong> a <strong>hrobek \u0161lechtic\u016f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f byly:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bronzov\u00e9 n\u016f\u017eky<\/li>\n<li>Vrt\u00e1ky<\/li>\n<li>Pinzeta<\/li>\n<li>Bronzov\u00e9 jehly<\/li>\n<li>Skalpely<\/li>\n<li>Bronzov\u00e9 dl\u00e1to<\/li>\n<li>Ln\u011bn\u00e9 obvazy<\/li>\n<li>Natron<\/li>\n<li>Kanopick\u00e9 n\u00e1doby<\/li>\n<li>Amulety<\/li>\n<li>S\u016fl<\/li>\n<li>Prysky\u0159ice a oleje<\/li>\n<li>Piliny<\/li>\n<li>V\u010del\u00ed vosk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>33-krokov\u00fd proces mumifikace podle papyru nalezen\u00e9ho ve svatyni Anubise v Tutanchamonov\u011b hrobce<\/h3>\n<p>Proces mumifikace se li\u0161il od kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch rodin po vysoce postaven\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky a b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 lidi. <strong>Egyptsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed muzeum<\/strong> na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Tahrir m\u00e1 v horn\u00edm pat\u0159e 3 mumie, kter\u00e9 snadno vysv\u011btl\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi mumifika\u010dn\u00edmi metodami.<\/p>\n<p>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, budeme hovo\u0159it o <strong>kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 mumifikaci staroegyptsk\u00fdch faraon\u016f<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 trvala 70 dn\u00ed. Obecn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, mumifikace prob\u00edhala v pal\u00e1ci nebo v \u00fadoln\u00edm chr\u00e1mu vedle kr\u00e1lovy pyramidy a bl\u00edzko <strong>\u0159eky Nil<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V tomto chr\u00e1mu bylo <strong>33 kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed<\/strong>, kte\u0159\u00ed mumifikovali faraona a ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich provedl jeden z 33 krok\u016f mumifikace.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Prvn\u00edm krokem mumifikace je omyt\u00ed mumie a o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vlas\u016f na t\u011ble p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e mumie vyschne.<\/li>\n<li>Vyjmut\u00ed o\u010d\u00ed faraona a jejich nahrazen\u00ed kamenn\u00fdmi o\u010dima.<\/li>\n<li>Vlo\u017een\u00ed lnu pod jazyk zesnul\u00e9ho.<\/li>\n<li>Extrakce mozku nosem nebo otvorem za uchem.<\/li>\n<li>Omyt\u00ed t\u011bla je\u0161t\u011b jednou.<\/li>\n<li>Proveden\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159ezu do ramen, aby se vypr\u00e1zdnily.<\/li>\n<li>Tot\u00e9\u017e u nohou, aby se zbavily vody a vypr\u00e1zdnily.<\/li>\n<li>Otev\u0159en\u00ed 7 cm z lev\u00e9 strany t\u011bla k vyjmut\u00ed v\u0161ech org\u00e1n\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Mumifikace org\u00e1n\u016f a jejich uchov\u00e1n\u00ed ve 4 kanopick\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>Napln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bla pilinami, lnem a sol\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Uzav\u0159en\u00ed \u0159ezu a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed zlat\u00e9ho Horova oka na n\u011bj.<\/li>\n<li>Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed mumie do natronu na 3 dny k vysu\u0161en\u00ed. 13.-15. Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed mumie v olej\u00edch, aby poko\u017eka z\u016fstala pru\u017en\u00e1 a nel\u00e1mala se.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159\u00edprava paruky pro hlavu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Zbytek procesu mumifikace<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>V\u00fdroba masky z v\u010del\u00edho vosku na obli\u010dej.<\/li>\n<li>Nasazen\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 masky na masku z v\u010del\u00edho vosku.<\/li>\n<li>Zlat\u00e1 maska na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Vlo\u017een\u00ed amulet\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b skaraba, Horova oka, kl\u00ed\u010de \u017eivota a kartu\u0161e k ochran\u011b mumie. 21.-23. Zabalen\u00ed t\u011bla do lnu.<\/li>\n<li>Zlat\u00e9 rukavice na prsty a ruce.<\/li>\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed na nohy.<\/li>\n<li>O\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vlas\u016f na t\u011ble. 27.-30. P\u0159\u00edprava kamenn\u00e9ho sarkof\u00e1gu.<\/li>\n<li>Kadidlo p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed jako antibakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159edek.<\/li>\n<li>D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fd zlacen\u00fd sarkof\u00e1g.<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159enesen\u00ed mumie z \u00fadoln\u00edho chr\u00e1mu do z\u00e1du\u0161n\u00edho chr\u00e1mu k p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b mumie k poh\u0159ben\u00ed uvnit\u0159 faraonsk\u00e9 hrobky.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Vid\u011bli jsme n\u011bkter\u00e1 tajemstv\u00ed <strong>staroegyptsk\u00e9 mumifikace<\/strong> a n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali, ale mus\u00edme zm\u00ednit, \u017ee org\u00e1ny jako <strong>j\u00e1tra, pl\u00edce, \u017ealudek a st\u0159eva<\/strong> by m\u011bly b\u00fdt mumifikov\u00e1ny a uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny v takzvan\u00fdch <strong>kanopick\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch<\/strong>. M\u00e1me jich spoustu v <strong>N\u00e1rodn\u00edm muzeu civilizace, Egyptsk\u00e9m muzeu a Nov\u00e9m Velk\u00e9m muzeu<\/strong> pobl\u00ed\u017e pyramid.<\/p>\n<h3>Kanopick\u00e9 n\u00e1doby<\/h3>\n<p>\u010cty\u0159i krabice nebo n\u00e1doby pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k uchov\u00e1n\u00ed 4 org\u00e1n\u016f zesnul\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 byly n\u011bkdy poh\u0159beny daleko od t\u011bla, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad v ji\u017en\u00ed hrobce <strong>Stup\u0148ovit\u00e9 pyramidy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Tyto n\u00e1doby byly n\u011bkdy jako jedna krabice, nap\u0159\u00edklad ty od <strong>Hetepheres<\/strong>, matky <strong>Cheopse<\/strong>, stavitele <strong>Velk\u00e9 pyramidy<\/strong>. Krom\u011b toho velmi zn\u00e1m\u00fd tvar \u010dty\u0159 odd\u011blen\u00fdch n\u00e1dob s v\u00edkem p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00edm jednoho z Horov\u00fdch syn\u016f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00edko s lidskou hlavou Imsety pro j\u00e1tra.<\/li>\n<li>Hapy, s opi\u010d\u00ed hlavou pro pl\u00edce.<\/li>\n<li>Duamutef, s hlavou \u0161akala pro \u017ealudek.<\/li>\n<li>Qebehsenuef, s hlavou sokola pro st\u0159eva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pro v\u00edce informac\u00ed o mumifikaci a skute\u010dn\u00fdch kanopick\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch si m\u016f\u017eete rezervovat jednu z <strong>luxorsk\u00fdch denn\u00edch prohl\u00eddek<\/strong> z Hurghady, <strong>prohl\u00eddek pyramid z Hurghady<\/strong>. Tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete sledovat poh\u0159ebn\u00ed sc\u00e9ny a mumifikaci na st\u011bn\u00e1ch hrobek \u0161lechtic\u016f, jako jsou <strong>Rekhmire<\/strong> a <strong>Nacht<\/strong> v Luxoru.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mumifikace ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b | Fakta, proces, n\u00e1stroje Mumifikace v starov\u011bk\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 civilizaci byla nutnost\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo si ji mohl dovolit. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se budeme zab\u00fdvat v\u0161\u00edm, co v\u00edme o mumifikaci ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b. Kdy mumifikace za\u010dala? Pro\u010d? Jak\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pou\u017e\u00edvali b\u011bhem mumifikace? Proces mumifikace podle n\u00e1lez\u016f uvnit\u0159 svatyn\u011b Anubise, nalezen\u00e9 v hrobce<\/p>\n<div class=\"padding-top text-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/egytourpackages.com\/cs\/mumifikace-ve-starovekem-egypte-fakta-proces-nastroje\/\" class=\"atbtn atbtn--medium atbtn--rounded atbtn--transparent\">&#8230;v\u00edce<i class=\"atbtn__icon atbtn__icon--right fa fa-long-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1642,1644,1643,1088],"tags":[2181,2175,2180,2176,2179,2177,2174,2178],"class_list":["post-4400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dejiny-starovekeho-egypta","category-fakta-o-starovekem-egypte","category-staroveka-egyptska-civilizace","category-uncategorized-cs","tag-chirurgicke-nastroje","tag-kanopicke-nadoby","tag-kniha-mrtvych","tag-mumifikace","tag-staroveci-egyptsti-faraoni-kralove","tag-staroveka-egyptska-civilizace","tag-texty-pyramid","tag-tutanchamonova-hrobka"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mumifikace ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b | Cestovn\u00ed 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