{"id":4423,"date":"2022-12-23T20:56:30","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T20:56:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egytourpackages.com\/mesita-al-azhar-kahira-egypt\/"},"modified":"2025-06-23T13:09:25","modified_gmt":"2025-06-23T13:09:25","slug":"mesita-al-azhar-kahira-egypt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egytourpackages.com\/cs\/mesita-al-azhar-kahira-egypt\/","title":{"rendered":"Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar K\u00e1hira, Egypt"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar, K\u00e1hira, Egypt<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar v K\u00e1hi\u0159e v Egypt\u011b je prvn\u00ed me\u0161itou zalo\u017eenou v K\u00e1hi\u0159e a nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stavbou k\u00e1hirsk\u00e9 f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry, dokon\u010denou v roce 972 n. l. Me\u0161ita je sm\u011bsic\u00ed f\u00e1timovsk\u00fdch, maml\u00fack\u00fdch a osmansk\u00fdch architektonick\u00fdch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se snoub\u00ed v t\u00e9to majest\u00e1tn\u00ed budov\u011b.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Stejn\u011b jako me\u0161ita-madrasa sult\u00e1na Hasana, je i Al-Azhar komplex me\u0161ity a madrasy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jednou z nejstar\u0161\u00edch univerzit na sv\u011bt\u011b. Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar je v sou\u010dasnosti jedine\u010dnou sm\u011bsic\u00ed styl\u016f a obdob\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u011bna qibla poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze 14. stolet\u00ed, sult\u00e1n Kajtb\u00e1j p\u0159idal jeden z minaret\u016f v roce 1475 a hlavn\u00ed fas\u00e1da je z 19. stolet\u00ed, zat\u00edmco br\u00e1na s dvojit\u00fdm obloukem na hlavn\u00ed fas\u00e1d\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed do poloviny 18. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Where is Al Azhar Mosque?<\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed El Hussein, El Darb El Ahmar, v K\u00e1hi\u0159e, Egypt.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

When Al Azhar was built?<\/span><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar<\/strong> se datuje do po\u010d\u00e1tku vl\u00e1dy f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9 dynastie<\/strong> v Egypt\u011b. Jakmile F\u00e1timovci zalo\u017eili sv\u016fj st\u00e1t v Tunisku v severn\u00ed Africe, pot\u0159ebovali k jeho dal\u0161\u00ed expanzi nov\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 by bylo v\u00edce centr\u00e1ln\u00ed ne\u017e Tunisko. Proto dobyli Egypt<\/strong> a vybudovali m\u011bsto al-K\u00e1hirah (K\u00e1hira), aby se stalo jejich nov\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem.<\/p>\r\n

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D\u017eauhar as-Siqill\u00ed<\/strong> byl nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u016fdcem v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch F\u00e1timovc\u016f, nebo\u0165 byl zakladatelem m\u011bsta K\u00e1hiry. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed pal\u00e1ce pro sv\u00e9ho f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9ho chal\u00edfu al-Muizze L\u012b D\u012bn All\u00e1ha<\/strong> za\u010dal s v\u00fdstavbou me\u0161ity Al-Azhar. Stavba me\u0161ity byla zah\u00e1jena v dubnu roku 970 n. l. a dokon\u010dena v m\u011bs\u00edci ramad\u00e1nu roku 972 n. l.<\/p>\r\n

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Who built Al Azhar Mosque?<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

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D\u017eauhar as-Siqill\u00ed, v\u016fdce arm\u00e1dy prvn\u00edho f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9ho chal\u00edfy v Egypt\u011b, al-Muizze L\u012b D\u012bn All\u00e1ha, postavil me\u0161itu Al-Azhar na p\u0159\u00edkaz zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho chal\u00edfy.<\/p>\r\n

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Why Al Azhar Mosque was built?<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

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Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar<\/strong> byla zalo\u017eena za \u00fa\u010delem \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed \u0161\u00editsk\u00e9 doktr\u00edny<\/strong>. Nav\u00edc byla postavena tak, aby napodobovala me\u0161itu Amr Ibn El Ass<\/strong> ve Fustatu<\/strong> a me\u0161itu Ahmed Ibn Tulun<\/strong> v Al-K\u00e1t\u00e1’i<\/strong>, a slou\u017eila tak jako hlavn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed me\u0161ita.<\/p>\r\n

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Why did Jawhar El-Siqilli call it Al Azhar?<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

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  1. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se me\u0161ita naz\u00fdvala Al-Mansoria<\/strong>, pot\u00e9 chal\u00edfa Al-Mu\u2019izz L\u012b D\u012bn All\u00e1h<\/strong> pojmenoval m\u011bsto K\u00e1hira, a tak se me\u0161ita za\u010dala naz\u00fdvat K\u00e1hirsk\u00e1 me\u0161ita<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
  2. Me\u0161ita z\u00edskala jm\u00e9no \u201eAl-Azhar\u201c<\/strong> po Fatim\u011b al-Zahraa<\/strong>, dce\u0159i proroka Mohameda (m\u00edr a modlitby s n\u00edm).<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

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    Facts about Al Azhar Mosque<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

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      1. Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jednu z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch me\u0161it v Egypt\u011b a v isl\u00e1msk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      2. Me\u0161itu Al-Azhar zalo\u017eil velitel D\u017eauhar as-Siqill\u00ed, v\u016fdce arm\u00e1dy f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9ho chal\u00edfy al-Muizze L\u012b D\u012bn All\u00e1ha, aby slou\u017eila z\u00e1rove\u0148 jako me\u0161ita i \u0161kola. Jej\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo vychov\u00e1vat f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9 kazatele a \u0161\u00ed\u0159it \u0161\u00editskou doktr\u00ednu.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      3. Prvn\u00ed p\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed modlitba se konala b\u011bhem ramad\u00e1nu v roce 972 n. l. Proces v\u00fdstavby trval dva roky.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      4. V roce 988<\/strong> chal\u00edfa Al-Az\u00edz Bill\u00e1h<\/strong> pov\u00fd\u0161il me\u0161itu Al-Azhar na \u201euniverzitu\u201c, kde se bezplatn\u011b vyu\u010dovaly ismailitsk\u00e9 v\u011bdy s c\u00edlem \u0161\u00ed\u0159it v Egypt\u011b \u0161\u00editskou sektu.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      5. Po dobyt\u00ed Egypta Sal\u00e1hem ad-D\u00ednem al-Ajj\u00fab\u00edm<\/strong> zabr\u00e1nil p\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm modlitb\u00e1m v me\u0161it\u011b, zastavil v\u00fduku \u0161\u00editsk\u00e9 doktr\u00edny a otev\u0159el me\u0161itu jako platformu pro v\u0161echny u\u010dence v isl\u00e1msk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ji p\u0159em\u011bnil na sunnitskou me\u0161itu<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      6. Sal\u00e1h ad-D\u00edn financoval studenty, im\u00e1my, dozorce a u\u010ditele, zaji\u0161\u0165oval jim ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00ed pot\u0159eby, proto\u017ee studium a bydlen\u00ed v me\u0161it\u011b byly zdarma.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      7. V roce 1267<\/strong>, po 100 letech, byly v me\u0161it\u011b Al-Azhar op\u011bt obnoveny p\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed modlitby, a to za vl\u00e1dy Al-Z\u00e1hira Bajbarse<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      8. Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar<\/strong> sehr\u00e1la kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v ochran\u011b arabsk\u00e9 identity a arabsk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako v zachov\u00e1n\u00ed arabsk\u00e9ho jazyka, a to zejm\u00e9na po p\u00e1du Abb\u00e1sovsk\u00e9ho chal\u00edf\u00e1tu<\/strong> pod nadvl\u00e1dou Tatar\u016f b\u011bhem osmansk\u00e9ho chal\u00edf\u00e1tu.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
      9. Al-Azhar<\/strong> m\u011bl nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dopad p\u0159i konfrontaci s francouzskou okupac\u00ed Egypta pod veden\u00edm Napoleona Bonaparta<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

        More facts about Al Azhar Mosque<\/span><\/h3>\r\n
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        1. Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar sehr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli p\u0159i odchodu Francouz\u016f z Egypta.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
        2. Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z otev\u0159en\u00e9ho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 se otev\u00edraj\u00ed t\u0159i galerie, z nich\u017e nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je qibla galerie. Jej\u00ed plocha v dob\u011b v\u00fdstavby \u010dinila polovinu sou\u010dasn\u00e9 rozlohy.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
        3. V me\u0161it\u011b Al-Azhar a jej\u00edm okol\u00ed za\u010daly restaur\u00e1torsk\u00e9 a renova\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Tyto pr\u00e1ce potrvaj\u00ed 18 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a jejich n\u00e1klady se odhaduj\u00ed na 30 milion\u016f liber.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
        4. Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za prvn\u00ed architektonick\u00e9 d\u00edlo, kter\u00e9 F\u00e1timovci postavili v Egypt\u011b, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 za prvn\u00ed me\u0161itu zalo\u017eenou ve m\u011bst\u011b K\u00e1hira<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
        5. Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar m\u011bla p\u016fvodn\u011b 10 mihr\u00e1b\u016f<\/strong>, z nich\u017e se dochovalo pouze 6<\/strong>. Me\u0161ita m\u00e1 9 dve\u0159\u00ed<\/strong>, z nich\u017e nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je B\u00e1b al-Mazinin<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
        6. V roce 975 n. l. se p\u0159edn\u00ed soudce Ab\u00fa al-Hasan Al\u00ed bin al-N\u00fam\u00e1n posadil uprost\u0159ed davu lid\u00ed a \u010detl otcovu pr\u00e1ci o jurisprudenci \u00c1lu al-Bajtu (rodiny proroka). Toto setk\u00e1n\u00ed se tak stalo prvn\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm semin\u00e1\u0159em v me\u0161it\u011b Al-Azhar.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
        7. Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar zauj\u00edm\u00e1 plochu 12 000 metr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
        8. Me\u0161ita obsahuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 380 n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch mramorov\u00fdch sloup\u016f, jejich\u017e hlavice byly p\u0159ivezeny ze starov\u011bk\u00fdch egyptsk\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

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          Al Azhar Mosque architecture design<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

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          Kdy\u017e D\u017eauhar as-Siqill\u00ed v roce 970 n. l. za\u010dal stav\u011bt me\u0161itu Al-Azhar, kter\u00e1 byla dokon\u010dena o dva roky pozd\u011bji, m\u011bla p\u016fvodn\u011b polovi\u010dn\u00ed velikost oproti dne\u0161n\u00ed. P\u016fvodn\u00ed me\u0161ita Al-Azhar se skl\u00e1dala ze t\u0159\u00ed modliteben soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fdch kolem otev\u0159en\u00e9ho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z nich byl v\u00fdchodn\u00ed portikus, kiblov\u00fd \u00edv\u00e1n. Ji\u017en\u00ed a severn\u00ed portiky se pak skl\u00e1daly ze t\u0159\u00ed ark\u00e1d.<\/p>\r\n

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          Hlavn\u00ed vchod p\u016fvodn\u00ed me\u0161ity se nach\u00e1zel v z\u00e1padn\u00edch zdech a byl ozdoben jednoduch\u00fdm minaretem ve f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9m stylu. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd vchod na z\u00e1padn\u00ed fas\u00e1d\u011b byl postaven Amirem Abd al-Rahmanem Katkhudou<\/strong> v roce 1753 n. l. Jeho vznik umo\u017enil za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed dvou maml\u00fack\u00fdch madras, Taybars\u00edje<\/strong> a Aqbaghaw\u00edje<\/strong>, do me\u0161ity.<\/p>\r\n

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          P\u016fvodn\u00ed minbar<\/strong> (kazatelna) z f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry byl v 15. stolet\u00ed korunov\u00e1n maml\u00fackou kupol\u00ed<\/strong>. Kdysi se v obou roz\u00edch prostoru qibly<\/strong> nach\u00e1zely dv\u011b kupole, ale ty se ji\u017e nedochovaly.<\/p>\r\n

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          Tato \u010d\u00e1st byla zdobena k\u00fafick\u00fdmi isl\u00e1msk\u00fdmi n\u00e1pisy<\/strong> a rostlinn\u00fdmi ornamenty<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 jsou jedin\u00fdmi dochovan\u00fdmi prvky starov\u011bk\u00e9 me\u0161ity. Me\u0161ita m\u011bla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b t\u0159i br\u00e1ny: v severn\u00ed, ji\u017en\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b.<\/p>\r\n

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          P\u016fvodn\u00ed minbar<\/strong> (kazatelna) postaven\u00fd D\u017eauharem as-Siqill\u00edm<\/strong> byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159enesen do me\u0161ity Al-Hakim<\/strong>. Pozd\u011bji Al-Hakim Bi-Amr All\u00e1h<\/strong> p\u0159idal do me\u0161ity 27 \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch lamp a mal\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 dve\u0159e, bohat\u011b zdoben\u00e9 k\u00fafick\u00fdmi n\u00e1pisy<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

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          Al Azhar Mosque as a university<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

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          N\u00e1sir Sal\u00e1h ad-D\u00edn al-Ajj\u00fab\u00ed<\/strong> ukon\u010dil vl\u00e1du f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9 dynastie<\/strong> a zah\u00e1jil novou \u00e9ru obnovy sunnitsk\u00e9 sekty<\/strong>. P\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed modlitby v me\u0161it\u011b byly pozastaveny a byly zalo\u017eeny \u0161koly n\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k sunnitsk\u00e9 sekt\u011b, aby konkurovaly Al-Azharu \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho poselstv\u00ed sunnitsk\u00e9 sekty<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

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          The Mamluks and the scientific renaissance<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

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          S koncem ajj\u00fabovsk\u00e9 dynastie<\/strong> a n\u00e1stupem maml\u00fack\u00e9 dynastie<\/strong> se Al-Azhar vr\u00e1til ke sv\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 misi a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 roli. Byli jmenov\u00e1ni pr\u00e1vn\u00edci, aby vyu\u010dovali sunnitskou doktr\u00ednu a had\u00edsy Proroka, a byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na p\u00e9\u010de jeho obnov\u011b, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b.<\/p>\r\n

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          Toto obdob\u00ed bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za zlat\u00fd v\u011bk Al-Azharu. Vl\u00e1dci a v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 osobnosti v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch epoch\u00e1ch projevovali mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1jem o jeho obnovu a \u00fadr\u017ebu a na jeho podporu bylo z\u0159\u00edzeno mnoho nadac\u00ed. Maml\u00faci pak prokazovali p\u00e9\u010di sv\u00fdm u\u010denc\u016fm a student\u016fm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm grant\u016f, dar\u016f a dotac\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n

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          B\u011bhem vl\u00e1dy Bahrijsk\u00fdch maml\u00fak\u016f<\/strong> nechal sult\u00e1n Bajbars<\/strong> znovu postavit me\u0161itu Al-Azhar, nechal pro ni zhotovit novou kazatelnu a dokon\u010dil jej\u00ed renovaci.<\/p>\r\n

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          Za vl\u00e1dy sult\u00e1na Kal\u00e1v\u00fana<\/strong> v roce 1340 postavil princ Al\u00e1dd\u00edn Akbugha Abd al-Vah\u00edd<\/strong> \u0161kolu Al-Aqbaghawiya<\/strong>, jej\u00ed\u017e m\u00edsto je nyn\u00ed knihovnou me\u0161ity Al-Azhar. M\u011bla okna s v\u00fdhledem na n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed me\u0161ity a Maml\u00faci se postarali o z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed koridor\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly ubytovat studenty z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\r\n

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          Za vl\u00e1dy kr\u00e1le Al-A\u0161rafa \u201eBarsbaye\u201c<\/strong> zalo\u017eil princ D\u017eauhar Al-Fankub\u00e1’\u00ed Al-Chazandar<\/strong> \u0161kolu Al-Gawhariyya<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 se skl\u00e1dala ze \u010dty\u0159 \u00edv\u00e1n\u016f a nach\u00e1zela se pobl\u00ed\u017e B\u00e1b Al-S\u00edr v me\u0161it\u011b Al-Azhar.<\/p>\r\n

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          The teaching system in Al Azhar<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

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          Student se mohl p\u0159ipojit k Al-Azharu pot\u00e9, co se nau\u010dil \u010d\u00edst, ps\u00e1t, z\u00e1klady matematiky a nazpam\u011b\u0165 Kor\u00e1n<\/strong>, ani\u017e by byl v\u00e1z\u00e1n konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm v\u011bkem studenta.<\/p>\r\n

          \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

          Studenti Al-Azharu nebyli v\u00e1z\u00e1ni na pravideln\u00e9 studium. Mohli ho na n\u011bjakou dobu p\u0159eru\u0161it a pot\u00e9 se k n\u011bmu op\u011bt s pravidelnost\u00ed vr\u00e1tit. Neexistovaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy, kter\u00e9 by upravovaly pr\u016fb\u011bh pr\u00e1ce a ur\u010dovaly studijn\u00ed osnovy, akademick\u00e9 t\u00fdmy a roky studia.<\/p>\r\n

          \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

          Sheikh Al Azhar<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

          \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

          Al-Azhar neznal pozici \u0161ejcha Al-Azharu<\/strong> (Sheikh of Al-Azhar) a\u017e do osmansk\u00e9 \u00e9ry<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

          \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

          Al-Azhar m\u011bl \u0159editele, kter\u00fd se staral o jeho finan\u010dn\u00ed a administrativn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti a nem\u011bl nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi aspekty.<\/p>\r\n

          \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

          Historici se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee prvn\u00edm \u010dlov\u011bkem, kter\u00fd zast\u00e1val funkci \u0161ejcha Al-Azharu v historii Al-Azharu, byl \u0161ejch \u201eMuhammad bin Abdullah Al-Khar\u0161\u00ed Al-M\u00e1lik\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00fd zem\u0159el v roce 1690 n. l. Od t\u00e9 doby se \u0161ejchov\u00e9 me\u0161ity Al-Azhar st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed a\u017e dodnes.<\/p>\r\n

          \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

          Al Azhar University<\/span><\/h3>\r\n

          \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

          Za vl\u00e1dy kr\u00e1le Fuada I.<\/strong> byl pro Al-Azhar vyd\u00e1n z\u00e1kon \u010d. 46 z roku 1930<\/strong>. Podle n\u011bj byly pozd\u011bji v roce 1933 zalo\u017eeny fakulty Z\u00e1klad\u016f n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/strong>, \u0160ar\u00eda<\/strong>, Jazyka<\/strong> a Arab\u0161tiny<\/strong>. Al-Azhar se pak ofici\u00e1ln\u011b stal nez\u00e1vislou univerzitou v roce 1961<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

          \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

          Univerzita Al-Azhar byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za prvn\u00ed v isl\u00e1msk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159ila na studium sunnitsk\u00e9 doktr\u00edny a isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Al-Azhar je dodnes maj\u00e1kem \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed um\u00edrn\u011bnosti isl\u00e1mu, instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 hlubok\u00fd dopad na egyptskou spole\u010dnost a je symbolem isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho Egypta.<\/p>\r\n

          \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

          How Al Azhar Mosque in Cairo Egypt was dated?<\/span><\/h4>\r\n

          \r\n\r\n<\/p>\r\n

          Datov\u00e1n\u00ed me\u0161ity Al-Azhar je zalo\u017eeno na d\u016fkazech textu vytesan\u00e9ho do paty kopule napravo od kazatelny. Ten obsahuje jm\u00e9na stavitele a dozorce stavby, stejn\u011b jako datum v\u00fdstavby kopule, tedy rok 971 n. l.<\/p>\r\n

          <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar, K\u00e1hira, Egypt Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar v K\u00e1hi\u0159e v Egypt\u011b je prvn\u00ed me\u0161itou zalo\u017eenou v K\u00e1hi\u0159e a nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stavbou k\u00e1hirsk\u00e9 f\u00e1timovsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry, dokon\u010denou v roce 972 n. l. Me\u0161ita je sm\u011bsic\u00ed f\u00e1timovsk\u00fdch, maml\u00fack\u00fdch a osmansk\u00fdch architektonick\u00fdch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se snoub\u00ed v t\u00e9to majest\u00e1tn\u00ed budov\u011b. Stejn\u011b jako me\u0161ita-madrasa sult\u00e1na Hasana, je i Al-Azhar komplex me\u0161ity a<\/p>\n

          …v\u00edce<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2611,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1665,1687],"tags":[2325,2252,2300,2321,2320,2322,2324,2313,2323,2289,2276],"class_list":["post-4423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stare-kahirske-ctvrti","category-veci-ktere-muzete-delat-v-kahire","tag-ajjubovska-dynastie","tag-al-muizz-li-din-allah-cs","tag-bahrijska-mamluci","tag-dzauhar-as-siqilli","tag-fatimovska-dynastie","tag-islamske-mesity","tag-kuficke-islamske-spisy","tag-osmanske-obdobi","tag-salah-ad-din-al-ajjubi","tag-siitska-doktrina","tag-sunnitska-sekta"],"yoast_head":"\nMe\u0161ita Al-Azhar K\u00e1hira Egypt | Cestovn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dky Egy Tour<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar K\u00e1hira Egypt | Me\u0161ita Al-Azhar je prvn\u00ed 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