{"id":4574,"date":"2023-01-13T21:59:41","date_gmt":"2023-01-13T21:59:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/egytourpackages.com\/festival-opet-staroveke-egyptske-festivaly\/"},"modified":"2025-06-29T05:31:24","modified_gmt":"2025-06-29T05:31:24","slug":"festival-opet-staroveke-egyptske-festivaly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/egytourpackages.com\/cs\/festival-opet-staroveke-egyptske-festivaly\/","title":{"rendered":"Festival Opet | Starov\u011bk\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 festivaly"},"content":{"rendered":"

Festival Opet ve Starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b | Nov\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Egypta | Egyptsk\u00e9 Festivaly<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Co je festival Opet?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Festival Opet<\/strong> byl jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch festival\u016f<\/strong> ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b<\/strong>, zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong> v Th\u00e9b\u00e1ch<\/strong>. Jednalo se o ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed festival, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 b\u00e1rky th\u00e9bsk\u00e9 tri\u00e1dy, Amona<\/strong>, Mut<\/strong> a Chonsua<\/strong>, putovaly z Karnaku<\/strong> do Luxoru<\/strong> a zp\u011bt, a to ji\u017e od 18. dynastie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch pramen\u016f festival Opet pokra\u010doval i v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m<\/strong> a koptsk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00fd je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed festival v Egypt\u011b?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Starov\u011bk\u00e1 egyptsk\u00e1 historie<\/strong> je velmi bohat\u00e1 na sv\u00e1tky a oslavy ji\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku historie. Nap\u0159\u00edklad komplex Sakk\u00e1ra<\/strong> m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kde se slavil festival Heb Sed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm, b\u011bhem Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong> Egypta<\/strong>, kdy byl Luxor hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem, jsme na\u0161li mnoho jejich sv\u00e1tk\u016f z t\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem \u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry<\/strong> si chr\u00e1my jako Esna<\/strong>, Edfu<\/strong>, Kom Ombo<\/strong> a Philae<\/strong> st\u00e1le uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed mnoho t\u011bchto sv\u00e1tk\u016f zdob\u00edc\u00edch jejich st\u011bny. P\u0159ekvapiv\u011b, Palermsk\u00e1 deska<\/strong> poch\u00e1z\u00ed z roku 2500 p\u0159. n. l. a zmi\u0148uje mnoho z t\u011bchto sv\u00e1tk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00e1tky ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b se li\u0161ily od n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch po politick\u00e9, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148ovalo v\u0161em lidem sd\u00edlet je, bohat\u00fdm i chud\u00fdm. Ve skute\u010dnosti jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f v minulosti byl festival Opet<\/strong> spolu s Kr\u00e1sn\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem \u00fadol\u00ed<\/strong>. Mezit\u00edm m\u011bli mnohem v\u00edce sv\u00e1tk\u016f, jako jsou sv\u00e1tky boh\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad festival Min<\/strong>, festival Sokar<\/strong>, Bastet<\/strong>, Hathor<\/strong> a Isis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010del festivalu Opet?<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00da\u010delem tohoto festivalu bylo dodat energii Netjerovi \u2013 bo\u017esk\u00e9 s\u00edle \u2013 a znovu potvrdit faraonovo bo\u017esk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo vl\u00e1dnout. V\u011b\u0159\u00ed se, \u017ee kr\u00e1lovna Hat\u0161epsut<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 vl\u00e1dla Egyptu jako faraon v letech 1473\u20131458 p\u0159. n. l., byla prvn\u00ed, kdo festival Opet rozvinul a slavil.<\/p>\n

B\u011bhem jej\u00ed vl\u00e1dy trval festival pouze 11 dn\u00ed. Amenhotep III.<\/strong>, Tutanchamon<\/strong> a Ramesse II.<\/strong> tak\u00e9 slavili Opet. Ud\u00e1losti se soust\u0159edily na plodnost a obnovu \u2013 obnovu zem\u011b, obnovu faraona a co je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, obnovu boha.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010delem festivalu bylo navr\u00e1tit energii bo\u017estv\u016fm. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo se, \u017ee se b\u011bhem roku unav\u00ed. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed ob\u0159adu by znamenalo znovuzrozen\u00ed a obnovu energie bo\u017estev a monarchy.<\/p>\n

Zobrazen\u00fdmi bo\u017estvy byli Amon<\/strong>, Mut<\/strong> a Chonsu<\/strong>. Amon je zn\u00e1m jako \u201eKr\u00e1l boh\u016f\u201c a \u201eB\u016fh v\u011btru\u201c. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za ekvivalent Dia<\/strong> v \u0159eck\u00e9 mytologii<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Mut byla Amonova cho\u0165 a \u201eKr\u00e1lovna bohy\u0148\u201c. Chonsu byl jejich potomek a \u201eB\u016fh M\u011bs\u00edce\u201c. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo se, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st Amonovy moci byla p\u0159enesena na kr\u00e1le. Pot\u00e9 kr\u00e1l symbolicky znovu potvrdil Posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 man\u017eelstv\u00ed Amona a Mut s kr\u00e1lovnou.<\/p>\n

Kdy se festival Opet konal ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Festival Opet se slavil ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b patn\u00e1ct\u00fd nebo devaten\u00e1ct\u00fd den druh\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce prvn\u00ed sez\u00f3ny, druh\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce Akhetu<\/strong>, sez\u00f3ny z\u00e1plav.<\/p>\n

Jak dlouho trv\u00e1 festival Opet?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zm\u00ednka o festivalu Opet se dosud datuje do doby vl\u00e1dy Hat\u0161epsut<\/strong> z 18. dynastie<\/strong>. Festival se \u010das od \u010dasu li\u0161il, za\u010d\u00ednal 11 dny za vl\u00e1dy Thutmose III.<\/strong> a Hat\u0161epsut. B\u011bhem vl\u00e1dy Ramesse III.<\/strong> trval festival p\u0159es 24 dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161e zdroje o festivalu Opet<\/span><\/h2>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed zm\u00ednky o festivalu Opet k n\u00e1m p\u0159i\u0161ly z \u010cerven\u00e9 kaple<\/strong> Hat\u0161epsut v Open-Air Muzeu<\/strong> v Karnack\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Poh\u0159ebn\u00ed chr\u00e1m stejn\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovny Hat\u0161epsut na st\u011bn\u00e1ch jej\u00edho chr\u00e1mu v Deir El Bahari<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Akhmenu<\/strong> v Karnaku se datuje do doby vl\u00e1dy Thutmose III<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nejl\u00e9pe zachovan\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny z t\u00e9to slavnosti poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z doby Amenhotepa III.<\/strong> a zdob\u00ed st\u011bny z\u00e1padn\u00edho k\u0159\u00eddla t\u0159et\u00edho pylonu v Karnaku.<\/p>\n

Sc\u00e9ny na st\u011bn\u00e1ch kolon\u00e1dy v Luxorsk\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu<\/strong> z doby Amenhotepa III.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kolon\u00e1dn\u00ed s\u00e1l Tutanchamona<\/strong> v Luxorsk\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Haremheb\u016fv<\/strong> dv\u016fr mezi dev\u00e1t\u00fdm a des\u00e1t\u00fdm pylonem<\/strong>, Karnak Luxor.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00fd hypostylov\u00fd s\u00e1l<\/strong> Karnack\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu<\/strong> poch\u00e1z\u00ed z doby Sethiho I.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sc\u00e9ny z festivalu Opet Ramesse II.<\/strong> v Karnack\u00e9m hypostylov\u00e9m s\u00e1le.<\/p>\n

Chr\u00e1my b\u00e1rek na otev\u0159en\u00e9m n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed Karnaku z doby Sethiho II.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sc\u00e9ny Opet Ramesse III.<\/strong> v jeho chr\u00e1mu Medinet Habu<\/strong> a jeho chr\u00e1mu v Karnaku.<\/p>\n

Sc\u00e9ny Alexandra Velik\u00e9ho<\/strong> na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdech jeho Svatyn\u011b svat\u00fdch v Karnaku.<\/p>\n

Trasa festivalu Opet mezi Karnakem a Luxorem<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jist\u011b v\u00edme, \u017ee festival Opet<\/strong> za\u010d\u00ednal v Karnack\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu<\/strong> a tam tak\u00e9 kon\u010dil. Trasa sv\u00e1tku se \u010das od \u010dasu li\u0161ila. Nap\u0159\u00edklad za Hat\u0161epsutovy \u00e9ry se festival konal po sou\u0161i do Luxoru a pot\u00e9 se vracel do Karnaku po Nilu.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy festival za\u010d\u00ednal z Karnaku do Luxoru po \u0159ece Nil<\/strong> a zp\u011bt p\u011b\u0161ky po Aleji sfing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nakonec sc\u00e9ny z festivalu Opet<\/strong> Tutanchamona<\/strong> jako prvn\u00ed zobrazuj\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed plavbu ob\u011bma sm\u011bry.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fvod festivalu Opet<\/strong> doprov\u00e1zeli kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed, zp\u011bv\u00e1ci, tane\u010dn\u00edci a akrobat\u00e9. Pot\u00e9 se lod\u011b zastavily na cest\u011b mezi Karnakem a Luxorem u \u0161esti b\u00e1rkov\u00fdch svatyn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Popis festivalu Opet<\/span><\/h3>\n

Nejstar\u0161\u00ed a jedna z nejinformativn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch s\u00e9ri\u00ed sc\u00e9n se objevuje na ji\u017en\u00ed stran\u011b \u010cerven\u00e9 kaple<\/strong> Hat\u0161epsut a Thutmose III.<\/strong> v Karnaku.<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1lovna Hat\u0161epsut<\/strong> p\u00e1lila kadidlo p\u0159ed posv\u00e1tnou lod\u00ed boha Amona<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 opou\u0161t\u011bla Karnack\u00fd chr\u00e1m<\/strong>. Lo\u010f nesla na rameni skupina hladce oholen\u00fdch kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Lo\u010f m\u011bla na obou stran\u00e1ch beran\u00ed hlavy hled\u00edc\u00ed dop\u0159edu, tradi\u010dn\u00ed symbol boha Amona s zato\u010den\u00fdmi rohy a obojkem ws\u1e2b<\/strong> (Usekh obojky) kolem krku.<\/p>\n

Oslava se kon\u00e1 ve druh\u00e9m m\u011bs\u00edci sez\u00f3ny \u201eAkhet\u201c, co\u017e je sez\u00f3na z\u00e1plav \u0159eky Nil<\/strong>. Pr\u016fvod festivalu Opet m\u016f\u017eeme srovnat s pr\u016fvody festivalu Sokar a festivalu Min v chr\u00e1mu Habu. Kr\u00e1l nebo velekn\u011bz se nejprve ka\u017ed\u00fd den osprchuje v posv\u00e1tn\u00e9m jeze\u0159e, pot\u00e9 p\u016fjde do svatyn\u011b svat\u00fdch, aby provedl sv\u00e9 denn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n

Ritu\u00e1ly Opet<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kn\u011bz p\u00e1lil kadidlo, m\u011bnil bohu uniformu, obl\u00e9kal ho do barevn\u00e9 uniformy a zdobil ho nejvz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi \u0161perky. Pot\u00e9 kn\u011bz vlo\u017eil postavu boha do naosu nebo d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 pozlacen\u00e9 schr\u00e1nky a pot\u00e9 na lo\u010f. Lo\u010f spo\u010d\u00edvala na podstavci a pot\u00e9 Faraon<\/strong> p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161el bohu ob\u011bti.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, jak vid\u00edme na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b Svatyn\u011b svat\u00fdch Alexandra Velik\u00e9ho<\/strong> v Karnaku, lo\u010f ponesou na ramenou odv\u00e1\u017en\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Nejprve projdou Hypostylov\u00fdm s\u00e1lem<\/strong>, aby vysok\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy mohly vid\u011bt boha a modlit se k n\u011bmu.<\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bji ponesou lo\u010f znovu a p\u016fjdou na otev\u0159en\u00fd dv\u016fr, aby m\u00edstn\u00ed vid\u011bli sv\u00e9ho boha, ne\u017e se vydaj\u00ed k \u0159ece Nil<\/strong>, aby pluli do Luxorsk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee festival Opet<\/strong> za\u010dal v Akhmenu za doby Thutmose III.<\/strong> a pot\u00e9 pokra\u010doval do chr\u00e1mu Chonsu<\/strong>, aby se k festivalu p\u0159ipojil, a tak\u00e9 do chr\u00e1mu Mut<\/strong>, aby se p\u0159ipojila zbytek jej\u00ed rodiny.<\/p>\n

Amenhotep III.<\/strong> zobrazil festival Opet na 3. pylonu<\/strong> Karnack\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu<\/strong> a jakmile je pr\u016fvod s Amonem, Mut a Chonsuem hotov\u00fd, vydaj\u00ed se do Luxorsk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu<\/strong> po Aleji sfing<\/strong>. Jakmile jsou v Luxorsk\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu, budou odvedeni do Svatyn\u011b svat\u00fdch. Krom\u011b toho prob\u00edhaly aktivity sv\u00e1tku m\u00edstn\u00edmi obyvateli, rodinn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky, p\u00edsa\u0159i, ministry a tak d\u00e1le.<\/p>\n

Na zp\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed cest\u011b z Luxoru do Karnaku po \u0159ece Nil<\/strong> nebo p\u011b\u0161ky po Aleji sfing<\/strong> se shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed lid\u00e9 z cel\u00e9ho Egypta, aby sledovali sv\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/span><\/h3>\n

Festival Opet<\/strong> je jedn\u00edm z velmi slavn\u00fdch starov\u011bk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f, zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e<\/strong>. Amon z Karnack\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu<\/strong> nav\u0161t\u00edvil Amona Ka.Mut.f<\/strong> v Luxorsk\u00e9m chr\u00e1mu<\/strong> kv\u016fli plodnosti, obnov\u011b boha, obnov\u011b zem\u011b a obnov\u011b faraona.<\/p>\n

Amon Ka.Mut.f byl jedin\u00fdm bohem Ogdo\u00e1dy<\/strong> z Hermopolisk\u00e9ho staroegyptsk\u00e9ho m\u00fdtu o stvo\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00fd z\u016fstal v Luxoru, aby pomohl kr\u00e1l\u016fm vl\u00e1dnout zemi. Zat\u00edmco zbytek 8 boh\u016f byl poh\u0159ben na posv\u00e1tn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v chr\u00e1mu Habu.<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee festival Opet se t\u00fdkal obnovy, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e se slavil b\u011bhem obdob\u00ed z\u00e1plav. Bohov\u00e9 a kr\u00e1l by obnovili svou energii a moc na jeden rok dop\u0159edu.<\/p>\n

Pro v\u00edce informac\u00ed o slavn\u00fdch sv\u00e1tc\u00edch ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b<\/strong> si laskav\u011b prohl\u00e9dn\u011bte n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u00e1tky na na\u0161em blogu:<\/p>\n