The Catacomb of Kom El Shoqafa Alexandria, Egypt | History, Facts, Descriptions The Catacomb of Kom El Shoqafa Alexandria is one of top tourist attractions and it is considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. This Catacomb is the oldest one in the world before the Italian catacombs of Rome. Meanwhile, Alexandria Catacombs are unique as it is a mixture of ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman architectural styles. Where is the Catacomb of Kom El Shoqafa? The Catacomb of Kom El Shoqafa is located in Alexandria, Egypt in the district of Karmouz south of the neighborhood Mena El Basel area near Pompey’s Pillar. Who built the Catacomb of Kom El Shoqafa? It is not known for sure who built the Catacomb till now even though we found the statue of the owner and his wife in its burial chamber but without names. Most probably it was for a rich family during the Roman Period, and some believed that it was for the governor of Alexandria during the 2nd century AD. Why it was called Kom El Shoqafa? The word Kom el Shoqafa means "Mound of Shards" or "Potsherds Hill" in Arabic. In the Roman era, the visitors to the Catacomb often eat and drink wine inside the tomb. Later on, they broke the containers and terracotta jars and through them outside the catacomb’s entrance. At the time of the discovery, they found hills of these jars on the site. When the Catacomb was discovered? The Catacomb of Kom El Shoqafa was first discovered in 1892 by the locals but the head of the Italian mission Giuseppe Botti working in the area thought it was a Christian cemetery and he did not pay attention to the local words. In 1900, Alexandria Catacomb was rediscovered but this
The Catacomb of Kom El Shoqafa Alexandria, Egypt | History, Facts, Descriptions The Catacomb of Kom El Shoqafa Alexandria is one of top tourist attractions and it is considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. This Catacomb is the oldest one in the world before the Italian catacombs of Rome.
Amun | Origin, Significance, Facts | Ancient Egyptian Gods and Goddesses God Amun, also known as Amen or Ammon, was one of the most important and powerful deities in ancient Egyptian religion and culture. He was considered the supreme god and was associated with the sun, air, and fertility during the New Kingdom of Egypt. Zeus for the Greeks, he is Amun for ancient Egyptians, god of gods. Throughout ancient Egyptian history, Amun's cult and worship played a significant role in the religious, political, and cultural of the Egyptian civilization. This article will explore the origins and early history of Amun, his role in ancient Egyptian religion, the rise and decline of his cult, and his influence on art and architecture. It will examine the various factors that contributed to the god's significant impact on ancient Egypt, and how his legacy continues to be studied and understood today. Origins and early history of Amun The origin of Amun, like many ancient Egyptian gods, is uncertain and debated by scholars. However, it is believed that Amun was originally a local god of the city of Thebes, in Upper Egypt. He was associated with the air and the sun and was considered a god of fertility and regeneration. Amun's name means "hidden" or "concealed" which reflects his mysterious and unknowable nature. In the early years of ancient Egyptian history, Amun was not one of the major gods of the pantheon, but as the city of Thebes grew in power and influence, so did the worship of Amun. He was eventually combined with the god Ra, the sun god, to form Amun-Ra, a powerful creator god who was believed to have brought the world into existence. As Amun-Ra gained popularity, his cult spread throughout Egypt. Thebes became the main center of his worship
Amun | Origin, Significance, Facts | Ancient Egyptian Gods and Goddesses God Amun, also known as Amen or Ammon, was one of the most important and powerful deities in ancient Egyptian religion and culture. He was considered the supreme god and was associated with the sun, air, and fertility during the New Kingdom of Egypt.
King Sneferu | Life, Reign, Achievements, Facts, Legacy King Senefru, also known as Sneferu, was a powerful and influential pharaoh of ancient Egypt who reigned during the 4th dynasty, the Old Kingdom of Egypt. He is considered to be one of the most significant pharaohs of ancient Egypt and his reign marked a turning point in the history of the civilization. He expanded Egypt's territories and brought stability to the kingdom and initiated several building projects and architectural achievements that were considered to be engineering marvels. Pharoah Senefru was also the founder of the 4th dynasty and father of the famous pharaoh Khufu, known for building the Great Pyramid of Giza. His legacy in the history of ancient Egypt is truly remarkable and his impact is still felt to this day. This article will take a closer look at King Senefru's life, reign, achievements, and legacy, and how it has shaped the history of ancient Egypt. King Sneferu Early Life and Reign King Senefru, was the son of the pharaoh Huni and queen Meresankh I. He was born into a powerful family and was groomed from a young age to take the throne. During his ascension to the throne, the political climate of ancient Egypt was marked by power struggles and territorial conflicts. The King was able to navigate these challenges and consolidate his power through military campaigns and territorial expansion in Nubia, Lebanon, and Libya. During the early years of his reign, King Senefru led several military campaigns to expand Egypt's territories and bring stability to the kingdom. He also initiated several building projects and architectural achievements, including the construction of the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid, which were considered to be engineering marvels of their time. These early achievements established King Sneferu as a powerful and capable
King Sneferu | Life, Reign, Achievements, Facts, Legacy King Senefru, also known as Sneferu, was a powerful and influential pharaoh of ancient Egypt who reigned during the 4th dynasty, the Old Kingdom of Egypt. He is considered to be one of the most significant pharaohs of ancient Egypt and his reign marked a turning point
Early Dynastic Period of Egypt | Thinite Period What is the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt? The Early Dynastic Period of Egypt, also known as the Thinite Period, refers to the period in ancient Egyptian history from about 3150–2650 BC. This was the era in which Egypt became a united country under the rule of one king and a centralized government. The Archaic period in Egyptian history immediately followed the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt, c. 3150 BC. This Thinite Period comprised the first two dynasties of ancient Egyptian history, during which many of the major aspects of ancient Egyptian culture, and society emerged. The Archaic Period is characterized by the emergence of the kingdoms as a political unit, the development of an alphabet, and the rise of literature and art. Why it is called the Thinite Dynasty? The Early Dynastic Period is called Thinite Period because it originated in the south of Egypt in Thinis city. The Thinis city is supposed to be the city of the kings of the Archaic Period near Abydos in Sohag. How long did the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt last? The Early Dynastic Period of Egypt lasted from about 3150 to 2650 BCE, some 500 years. This period was characterized by the development of writing, which was used to record laws, religious texts, and other important information. What was the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt famous for? The Early Dynastic Period of Egypt is most famous for the construction of Mastabas with sun-dried bricks. The gods such as God Horus and God Seth became widespread in Egypt The writing system was developed especially in the second Dynasty during the Peribsen era. The capital of the united Egypt moved from Thinis to Memphis in lower Egypt. Kings of the first dynasty were buried
Early Dynastic Period of Egypt | Thinite Period What is the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt? The Early Dynastic Period of Egypt, also known as the Thinite Period, refers to the period in ancient Egyptian history from about 3150–2650 BC. This was the era in which Egypt became a united country under the rule of
Khasekhemwy (2610–2593 BC) | Egypt History Who was the Pharoah Khasekhemwy? King Khasekhemwy was the last king of the Second Dynasty after Peribsen according to the Abydos King List, Saqqara King List, and Royal Canon of Turin. Khasekhemwy Family King Khasekhemwy married Queen Nimaathap who carried the title of mother of the King’s Children. They were king Djoser’s wife Hetephernebti and the parents of his successors Sekhemkhet and Sanakhte. Khasekhemwy Royal titulary From the beginning of the Old Kingdom onwards, each king had five names made up of his name. These titularies were announced at the coronation when a pharaoh officially became king. Khasekhemwy was the last king of the Thinite Dynasty or the Early Dynastic Period which is before the Old Kingdom. So far, we found only three titularies for him. Horus name Kha sekhem (some believe he had a similar predecessor with a very similar name or maybe there are the same person) The powerful one has appeared Kha sekhem wy The powerful ones have appeared Kha sekhemwy hetep netjerwy imef The two powerful ones have appeared, the two lords being satisfied with him Nebty Name Kha sekhemwy hetep netjerwy imef The two powerful ones have appeared, the two lords being satisfied with him Throne name Bebety Facts about Khasekhemwy Khasekhemwy was the last King of the 2nd Dynasty of ancient Egyptian history during the Early Dynastic Period. The King ruled Egypt according to some for 30 years or 18 years He was the successor of Peribsen Some believe the king changed his name from Khasekhem to Khasekhemwy after he put down various rebellions. The only one decorated his Serekh with the God Horus and The God Seth. His name means "The Two Powerful Ones appear" He fights the northern enemies in the city of Nekheb (Hierakonpolis) To
Khasekhemwy (2610–2593 BC) | Egypt History Who was the Pharoah Khasekhemwy? King Khasekhemwy was the last king of the Second Dynasty after Peribsen according to the Abydos King List, Saqqara King List, and Royal Canon of Turin. Khasekhemwy Family King Khasekhemwy married Queen Nimaathap who carried the title of mother of the King’s Children. They
The temple of Ramesses III at Karnak Luxor | Barque Chapel of Ramesses III The location of the temple of Ramesses III The temple of Ramesses III is located inside Karnak temple on Luxor east bank of the Nile River. Barque Chapel of Ramesses III was built in the large open court lying between the first unfinished Pylon of Nectanebo I (380-362 BC) and the second pylon of Horemheb (1323- 1295 BC). Who is Ramesses III? Ramesses III was the second Pharoah of the 20th dynasty of the new Kingdom of ancient Egyptian history. His father Pharoah Seth Nakht founded the dynasty and Ramesses III followed him. King Ramesses III is considered the last great Egyptian Pharoah king after Ramesses II and Thutmose III. Meanwhile, three of his sons will rule Egypt later under the names Ramses IV, Ramses VI, and Ramses VIII. He led numerous military campaigns to defend Egypt’s borders against the Sea People, the Syrians, and the Euphrates people. Pharoah Ramesses III built Habu temple, KV 11 in the Valley of the Kings, besides his addition to Karnak temple and Luxor temple. Why the temple of Ramesses III was built? Ramesses III built this small temple following the pattern of the Egyptian temples and at his temple, the second Pylon was the end of the temple. King Seti II built his triple Barque Shrines to the north of the second Pylon. So, Ramesses III built his shrines to the south of the second Pylon as a resting place for the holy barques of Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. Probably, he wanted to store the Barques in a place carrying his name as Taharqa will do the same after that when he built the Taharqa kiosk in the open court. Who was the triad of Luxor? The triad of
The temple of Ramesses III at Karnak Luxor | Barque Chapel of Ramesses III The location of the temple of Ramesses III The temple of Ramesses III is located inside Karnak temple on Luxor east bank of the Nile River. Barque Chapel of Ramesses III was built in the large open court lying between the
